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High TSH levels can indicate an underactive thyroid gland (hypothyroidism), which can be caused by autoimmune disorders, iodine deficiency, certain medications, radiation therapy, or congenital defects.

Low TSH levels can indicate an overactive thyroid gland (hyperthyroidism), which can be caused by autoimmune disorders, thyroid nodules or tumors, excessive iodine intake, or certain medications.

Fluctuations in TSH levels can be a sign of thyroid dysfunction and may indicate an underlying thyroid condition. Fluctuations in TSH levels can also be caused by certain medications, changes in diet or lifestyle, or fluctuations in hormone levels during pregnancy or menopause. It's important to consult with a healthcare professional if you are experiencing fluctuations in TSH levels to determine the underlying cause and appropriate treatment.